Florida Condo & HOA Legal Blog : Florida Condo Lawyer & Attorney : Becker & Poliakoff Law Firm : Condominium & HOA Law Blog

Within hours of any disaster, affected communities will be besieged with offers by companies and individuals offering disaster recovery assistance.

 Please resist the urge to contract with these initial providers until you have done the following:

1. Activate Your Disaster Plan. Once residents are safe, the community must begin surveying the property and assessing the damage. A designated information facilitator should set up system of information sharing among local homeowners and a disaster coordinator should serve as liaison to emergency services providers;
2. Secure your community from acts of vandalism and looting;
3. Remove storm debris to prevent accidents from occurring on the property;
4. Secure building structures to mitigate further damage;
5. Evaluate & Determine needs for immediate reconstruction and evaluate financing options including advances from insurance company for financial advances. BEWARE OF ANY INSURANCE COMPANY OFFERING MONEY IN EXCHANGE FOR RELEASES OR SETTLEMENTS.
6. Suspend or cancel on-going contracts such as lawn or pool maintenance if allowed for in your contract;
7. Review governing documents particularly anything related to "repair after casualty" provisions in the insurance section to establish process for reconstruction;
8. Initiate reconstruction planning using the five phases of reconstruction: project planning/scheduling; construction bidding; contract negotiations; construction/repair/rehabilitation; project completion/close out.
9. Review Insurance policies to determine filing requirements for proof of loss forms.
10. Meet with licensed professionals familiar with your community which may include: a) architect/engineer to assess damage and prepare plans; b) construction manager to oversee selection of general contractor and begin competitive bidding process; c) attorney to review insurance policies, governing documents, construction contracts and any vendor agreements; and d) public adjuster who is independent of your insurance company's adjuster who can be helpful with the nuances of an ambiguous insurance policy. Most independent adjusters work for a fee based upon percentage of insurance proceeds.

Following these ten steps will help communities recover and rebuild as quickly and effectively as possible.

Best Advice: Make sure every contract is with a Florida Licensed and Insured Contractor and that it is reviewed by a Licensed Florida Attorney, prior to signing.

We thank all the webinar participants who shared personal experiences and submitted well thought-out questions to the facilitators.  If you could not attend today, please return to this site for a link to the recorded presentation.

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Community Leaders Can Challenge Property Tax Assessments With Board Resolution.

Hasn't the real estate market changed in the last few years?  Owners and Board Members long for the days of escalating prices when everyone paid maintenance fees and even if they didn't, there was plenty of equity in the property to satisfy delinquencies after or in connection with a foreclosure. 

That has all changed.  Revenue is down and so are property values.  Shouldn't you pay less?  Of course you should and probably do - property appraisers have been adjusting values, but are the new numbers realistic?  Both the multi-family and single family home values fell dramatically - now is the time to establish a lower base assessment for yourselves and your owners.

How?  Pursuant to Section 194.011(3), Florida Statutes, condominium, cooperative and homeowners associations can file a joint petition.   The relevant portion of the statute says:

A condominium association, cooperative association, or any homeowners' association as defined in s. 723.075, with approval of its board of administration or directors, may file with the value adjustment board a single joint petition on behalf of any association members who own parcels of property which the property appraiser determines are substantially similar with respect to location, proximity to amenities, number of rooms, living area, and condition. The condominium association, cooperative association, or homeowners' association as defined in s. 723.075 shall provide the unit owners with notice of its intent to petition the value adjustment board and shall provide at least 20 days for a unit owner to elect, in writing, that his or her unit not be included in the petition.
 

Thus, once the Board of Directors passes a resolution it may file the tax appeal petition with the Value Adjustment Board.  The Value Adjustment Board will appoint a Special Magistrate to conduct a hearing to determine whether the market value of the property set forth on the TRIM notice was higher than the actual market value on January 1 of this year.

The collective power of the association is useful in the appeals process.  First, the per property fee for filing is less.  The fee may be paid by the Association, in fact §718.111(3), Florida Statutes and §720.303(1), Florida Statutes specifically authorizes the association to protest ad valorem taxes for the common facilities.  The common elements and facilities are nominally valued for tax purposes, since the actual value is included in the value of the homes/units. 

Factors to Consider in a Protest:

• Part of the property may qualify for an exemption
• Foreclosure & delinquency rates
• Structural or storm damage / construction work limiting use of the property
• Changes in the surrounding area i.e. blocked views from new construction
• Increased property insurance costs
• Changes in use - chinese drywall & other limitations on use

Each unit or home owner is given the opportunity to opt-out of the appeal if they want to pursue an appeal on their own or just don't want to participate.

Use professionals to assist in the tax appeal process.  A professional should know how to craft the appeal, can determine whether any exemptions apply and understands the process - all to present your case in the most favorable light. 

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Community leaders should understand the financial wherewithal of the associations they lead.  Unit and Home Owners also have rights to review financial records.  It seems like we hear about theft of association funds more and more these days.  Simply leaving finances in the hands of a manager, bookkeeper or treasurer is not enough.  For some practical ideas how to stay "in the know", please see the following article published by HOAleader:

Five Questions to Ask Your Manager about Your Homeowner Association's Finances

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Fourth District Court of Appeal Enunciates Two-Pronged Test to Evaluate Decisions Made by the Board of Directors of a Community Association.

The officers and directors of community associations have a fiduciary relationship to the members (owners), as stated in §718.111(1)(a) and §720.303(1), Florida Statutes.  The directors are obligated to discharge their responsibilities in good faith.  Board decisions are generally protected by the "business judgment rule".  The theory behind this rule is that Courts should not substitute their judgment for the judgment of the elected or appointed board members, so long as the members of the board acted in compliance with established standards of conduct.   Florida Statutes, Section 718.111(1)(d), provides:

 (d) As required by s. 617.0830, an officer, director, or agent shall discharge his or her duties in good faith, with the care an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would exercise under similar circumstances, and in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the interests of the association. An officer, director, or agent shall be liable for monetary damages as provided in s. 617.0834 if such officer, director, or agent breached or failed to perform his or her duties and the breach of, or failure to perform, his or her duties constitutes a violation of criminal law as provided in s. 617.0834; constitutes a transaction from which the officer or director derived an improper personal benefit, either directly or indirectly; or constitutes recklessness or an act or omission that was in bad faith, with malicious purpose, or in a manner exhibiting wanton and willful disregard of human rights, safety, or property.

The new test to determine whether the board's decision should be protected by the business judgment rule comes from a case where an owner prevented the association from extending balcony concrete repairs into her unit.   The engineer for the project said to remove the concrete four inches beyond the corrosion, which necessitated work in the unit, not just the balcony.  The owner hired her own engineer who said the extra work wasn't necessary.

The association sued to gain access to the unit to perform the repairs recommended by the project engineer.  The appellate court explained that its review of the board's decision was limited by the business judgment rule and held:

...courts must give deference to a condominium association's decision if that decision is within the scope of the association's authority and it is reasonable - that is, not arbitrary, capricious, or in bad faith [emphasis added]

The case was sent back to the trial court for analysis pursuant to the new test, to wit:

• Does the board have authority to invade the unit to perform common element repairs?
• and, if so
• Is the decision to do so reasonable or, in other words, was the board decision to invade the unit arbitrary, capricious or made in bad faith?

This case is hot off the press and therefore not final if the parties file motions for rehearing.

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Thank you everyone for the thoughtful questions and comments regarding SB 1196.  I have literally received hundreds of questions and comments over the past week - either through this site or by email.  Since many of the questions relate to the same issues, I'd like to share some of the responses. 

QUESTION:  Rumor has it that the Governor has a bill before him that would raise the voting approval to 75% for apparently new Condo and/or HOA amenities. True or false?

RESPONSE: You may be referring to the new section 720.31, Florida Statutes. It says that HOAs can acquire leased property, memberships and other interests in lands or facilities (including country clubs, marinas, golf courses, etc.) more than a year after recording the Declaration if the governing documents contain that authority or if 75% of the members agree.

QUESTION:  Are cable TV services considered a utility? Our HOA pays approx. $50 per month per unit for basic services. Comcast has refused to cut the services for those people who have stopped paying their maintenance fees, even if we pay the monthly dues and pay for the service to shut off the service. Without cable TVs service, it might give those people who have refused to pay their maintenance fees, an incentive to do so.

RESPONSE: You hit the $64,000 question. Maybe Comcast will change its policy as a result of the new law. I understand Comcast (and perhaps some other providers) believed that suspending service to individuals constituted a violation of the telecommunications act and federal regulations. Check back in a few weeks - we will be sure to post something related to suspending cable/television programming and are planning a webinar devoted to telecommunication issues in light of SB 1196. 

(P.S.  If your community is paying $50 per month for basic bulk services it should attempt to renegotiate that deal.)

QUESTION: Please inform me if there is a new requirement for board members to take a class or an exam to run for the board otherwise the association will be null and void.
Is this something new? please let me know

RESPONSE: The new law (effective July 1) requires board members to provide the association with a certification or evidence of completion of an approved course within 90 days of being elected or appointed.

QUESTION: Does SB1196 say anything about the requirement of installing hard wired smoke detectors in condominium buildings that are less than 3 stories in height? Is it still a requirement in these buildings?

RESPONSE: SB 1196 contains a provision that allows buildings of less than 4 stories with outside access (catwalks) to avoid installing manual fire alarms.

QUESTION: The new law stipulates that upon foreclosure the lender must now pay up to 12 months of back hoa dues or 1% of loan balance vs 6 months. Is that effect immediately once the bill goes into effect regardless of when the loan was placed on the property?

RESPONSE: While it is hard to predict how the lenders will interpret the bill, many community association attorneys believe that the new law will apply to acquisitions of title by lenders that take place July 1, 2010 forward, if the original mortgage was recorded after April 1992 (the effective date of the "safe harbor").

Remember, this information doesn't constitute legal advice & these responses are general in nature. Please consult with counsel to determine how the new laws will impact your operations.

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The Regular Session ends April 30th.  We've previously highlighted changes in SB 1196 and HB 561 that would impact Condos & Co-Ops, here is some information for HOA leaders and managers: 

Records Access:   §720.303(5)

• Owner entitled to presumption that Association willfully denied record access after 10 business days if owner submits request via certified mail, return receipt requested.  Doesn't address what happens if no one picks up the certified letter.
• Association may charge "reasonable costs" in addition to photocopy fees to reimburse it or a vendor for the lost employee time associated with duplicating the records.
• Personnel records for the association's employees will not be subject to inspection (including disciplinary, payroll, health, insurance).
• Personal identifying data of members (ss #, credit card #, emergency contact info, etc.) will not be subject to inspection, although the address used for association mailings is still part of the roster list and subject to inspection.
• Passwords used to safeguard data and software and/or operating systems will not be subject to inspection.

Budgets & Reserves:  §720.303(6)

• Disclosure in financial report must notify owners of vote necessary to mandate reserves.
• If budget does include 'voluntary reserves', financial report must disclose that the funds may be used for non-reserve purposes and not calculated by statutory method.
• 'Statutory' reserves are reserve accounts established by the developer or created by membership vote.

Director Compensation:  §720.303(12)

Salary or compensation is generally prohibited for performing services as director, officer or committee member unless:

• the financial benefit of a lawful board action will benefit all or a significant number of members;
• the payment is reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses (each association should adopt procedures or protocols for expense reimbursement, limits and types of expenditures that will be reimbursed);
• the payment is for recovery of insurance proceeds;
• the salary or compensation is authorized by the governing documents;
• the fee, salary or compensation is authorized by membership vote in advance; and/or
• a developer appointee may benefit financially from service to the association.

Fines/Suspensions of Use Rights:  §720.305

• Fines & Suspensions authorized if the member is delinquent for more than 90 days;
• Fines less than $1,000 cannot become a lien (doesn't specifically say that liens are permitted for fines exceeding $1,000);
• Suspensions cannot apply to utility services or property used to access the parcel;
• Written notice to the person fined or suspended is required.

Voting for Directors by Secret Ballot:  §720.306(8)

Adopts 'condo-like' double envelope procedure.

Collecting Rent from Tenants:  §720.3085(8)

Association may demand rent directly from tenant if owner is delinquent.

Acquisition of Recreational Leaseholds or Other Property/Property Use Rights:  §720.31(6)

Similar to §718.114 (condo act).  Allows association to enter agreements to acquire leaseholds, memberships or other possessory or use rights in lands and facilities.  Must be fully described in the declaration or if the action is not taken within 12 months of recording, the declaration must authorize said action as a material alteration/substantial improvement or at least 75% of the members must vote in favor of the action.

Special Assessments by Developer (before turnover):  §720.315

Pre-transition, developer controlled association may not levy special assessments without the approval of a majority vote of non-developer interests.  Vote must take place at duly-called meeting at which a quorum has been attained.

These are just brief bullet points, please refer to the actual legislation for more detail.  Committee amendments are still being filed and considered.

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We are proud to be nominated as a Best Blog in the Sun-Sentinel's Best of Blog Awards.  The voting process is already underway - click HERE to vote for Florida Condo & HOA Law Blog in the Business and Technology Category!

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The governing documents for many community associations provide that the Association must review plans and then issue written consent for construction of improvements or modifications - especially if those improvements or modifications will be visible to other owners, involve the common elements or association property and/or impact utility services to the property. 

We learned long ago from the case of Hidden Harbour Estates, Inc. v. Norman, that condominium residents give up a degree of their individual freedoms for the benefit of all unit owners. Similarly, by virtue of detailed, recorded covenants and restrictions, single-family homeowners give up freedoms they might otherwise enjoy, were they not living in planned communities. These restrictions are an area in which individual autonomy is subrogated to the common good.

All too often, however, property owners ignore the architectural control provisions of the governing documents.  When timely and consistent enforcement action is taken by the Association against an owner who has made unapproved changes, the appropriate remedy awarded by the court is a mandatory injunction. The courts have broad discretion to fashion an appropriate remedy, but usually a court's order requires the offending owner to remove unauthorized changes and to restore the original condition of the property. In several cases the courts have required removal of balcony enclosures, storm shutters, decorative features, fences, patios, and newly painted colors.  Some homeowners in Pasco County, Florida recently learned this lesson the hard way.  Bay News 9 showed demolition of recently constructed expensive docks that were built without HOA consent.  One homeowner said she paid Sixty-Five Thousand ($65,000) Dollars to build the dock - only to watch it being dismantled after losing a court battle with the Association.
 

• A homeowner thought that since he obtained a permit for the installation, HOA approval was not necessary - not true.
• Another homeowner thought that since the HOA didn't own the property underneath the dock that HOA approval was not necessary - not true.
• Another homeowner thought that approval by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) overruled the HOA - not true.

HOA leaders need to be cognizant of Section 720.3035, Florida Statutes, which became effective on July 1, 2007. This law does not eliminate an association’s ability to regulate alterations to a lot but does require that authority be specifically stated or reasonably inferred from the written covenants or other published guidelines and standards authorized by the declaration of covenants. Home or Unit Owners need to learn and understand what procedures are in place in their community association to avoid costly problems.

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